Dysmenorrhea refers to the throbbing or cramping pain in the lower abdomen. Many women experience dysmenorrhea only before and during their menstrual periods.
For some women, this discomfort is merely annoying. For others, dysmenorrhea can be severe enough to affect daily life for several consecutive days each month.
Underlying conditions such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids may cause dysmenorrhea. Treating the underlying cause is key to relieving the pain. If dysmenorrhea is not caused by any other medical condition, it often tends to lessen with age and usually improves after childbirth.
Symptoms of dysmenorrhea include:
- Throbbing or cramping pain in the lower abdomen, which can be intense
- Pain starting 1 to 3 days before the menstrual period and peaking within 24 hours of the start of the period, then gradually improving within 2 to 3 days
- Dull ache that may radiate to the lower back and thighs
Some women may also experience:
- Nausea
- Loose stools
- Headaches
- Dizziness
When to see a doctor:
- If dysmenorrhea affects your daily life every month
- If your symptoms gradually worsen
- If you develop severe dysmenorrhea after the age of 25
