The rotator cuff is a group of important tendon structures located between the scapula and the humeral head, directly beneath the subacromial bursa. It is made up of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor muscles, and is approximately 2.4cm in length. Near the end of the rotator cuff, there is a relatively avascular area called the “critical zone,” which is a common site for rotator cuff tears.
Shoulder impingement is the most common type of shoulder joint disorder in adults. It can be caused by trauma or overuse (repetitive overhead activities or chronic degeneration). Conditions such as shoulder impingement, subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff syndrome, and rotator cuff tendonitis are very similar and can be grouped together, as their mechanisms of injury are essentially the same.
Acute shoulder impingement is often caused by a sudden outward and upward movement of the shoulder joint due to a severe impact. Chronic shoulder impingement is usually caused by repeated overextension of the shoulder joint, resulting in subacromial impingement and repeated friction.
Symptoms of shoulder impingement include deep shoulder pain, sleep disturbance, difficulty combing hair or reaching behind the back, and weakness in the arm. Many patients with shoulder impingement are reluctant to move their shoulder joints due to pain, which can lead to adhesions over time. However, excessive movement is also not conducive to the resolution of inflammation, and pain may persist or worsen. Therefore, it is recommended to perform shoulder exercises 3-4 times a day, reaching the maximum range in all directions, such as flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation (within the limits of pain tolerance).
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